ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the international information about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and provide reference for prevention and control of the epidemic. METHODS: International information about COVID-19 from World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US (CDC), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Department of Health, Australian Government (AGDH), Department of Health & Social Care, UK (UKDH), the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) were retrieved and summarized. The timeliness, comprehensiveness and applicability of the international information were evaluated descriptively. Technical guidance about clinical management and pharmaceutical work of pharmacists were analyzed. RESULTS: Information from WHO, CDC, ECDC, AGDH, UKDH and FIP were generally detailed, with timeliness, comprehensiveness and a certain applicability. WHO focused on global perspective and provided clinical management guidance, and FIP focused on pharmacist and pharmaceutical work and provided information about clinical medication. CONCLUSION: When referring to international information about COVID-19, the actual situation should be taken into consideration, and subsequently the information should be applied cautiously to help prevent and control the epidemic of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence supporting vitamin C and D medication in the treatment and prevention of acute viral respiratory infectious disease, and to provide evidence for clinical rational medication and potential treatment option for COVID-19 especially. METHODS: PubMed database was retrieved from inception to February 13, 2020, and the references in the reviews and those not included in the database were manually retrieved. RESULTS: Eight literatures were included finally. In terms of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS, none literature about vitamin C and D medication was available. In terms of influenza, one prospective controlled trial proved vitamin C's efficacy. For vitamin D in influenza, one systematic review and one randomized controlled trial proved its efficacy, while three randomized controlled trials showed no efficacy. Additionally, one case-control study showed no statistical association between vitamin D level and the risk of influenza, and one randomized controlled trial showed no significant difference between high-dose and standard-dose vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSION: Currently, no evidence supports the effectiveness of vitamin C and D medication in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, MERS and SARS. However, limited evidence supports potential benefit of vitamin C and D medication in influenza. Physicians and pharmacists should take relevant clinical practice guidelines and supporting evidence into consideration when using vitamin C or D (especially high-dose medication), and pay attention to monitoring drug adverse reactions and drug interactions.